Religious Objection to Facial Recognition


 
Introduction:

It is now some 6 years since my court case, Butcher v the New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) and the Attorney General.

Like many Court decisions, the reader only gets a glimpse of the evidence and arguments when reading the official judgment.

So there can be merit in review. There is, however, some risk in questioning a judgment outside of the court process.

But I am persuaded to do so by the realisation that we are fast becoming a "papers, please" society, the sort of totalitarian state that our fathers fought against not that very long ago.

I am also persuaded by the replacement of human rights with the evil notion that we should blindingly accept this loss, based on noises from Government that we should, instead, have "trust" in what they are facilitating.

I am also persuaded by the creep of facial recognition into banking services, in particular the new open (sic) banking system now being introduced here in New Zealand. That system will use the driver's licence facial recognition database to function.

My appeal to the Human Rights Review Tribunal (HRRT) in 2019 was on one issue: should a driver licence without a photo be made available on religious grounds or, more to the point, is there any compelling reason why it should not?

One pertinent fact is that in New Zealand there is already a legal form of paper driver's licence without a photo. This is spelled out both in the Act and the Regulations, and there are an estimated several thousand such licences in use. NZTA refuse to disclose the actual number. Apparently they don't know - and it would seem obvious they have no road safety concerns about these licences.

My case was not seeking a ruling on whether or not to create a new class of licence without photo. It already exists as a paper licence. The issue is around that licence not being made available to someone like me with religious objection to the photo.

The photo licence

The photographic licence does not use an ordinary analogue or digital photo. It uses facial recognition.

My case was around exemption from the facial recognition ID system. Whether to dismantle that system is another point, a perfectly valid one in my opinion, but not the point of my appeal to the HRRT.

Previous appeals to the Courts, both here in NZ and overseas, also sought exemption from photo ID on religious grounds, both against a photo per se based on the Old Testament scriptures and against facial recognition based on the New Testament scriptures. They, like me, have all failed. It is as if the judiciary will generally consider any form of religious accommodation, barring this one.

In my case I was asking, is it really going to be a road safety issue if someone with a particular religious belief around photo ID drives on a paper licence? The Court in NZ thinks it is.

Bringing this case to the HRRT was not to obtain a legally binding decision forcing the NZTA to issue a paper licence. Nor was it to knock back current legislation. It was only asking Parliament to reconsider the legislation.

If faced with such a declaration, Parliament is not compelled do anything to change the law but  can elect to do so, for example by making 12 month paper licences available on a continual basis, that is, annually renewable for religious objectors.

However, I lost my case on the basis that a renewable paper licence extended in this way would compromise road safety, compromise the integrity of the licencing database and open up the application system to all kinds of riff raff.

I also lost my case because the NZTA were able to defend themselves on the matter of intent. They needed to show that there was a compelling reason to introduce the photo licence.

The ID card

When I refer to the photo licence, I refer to a driver's licence that is actually an ID card with driver licence information added to it. While we call it a driver's licence, that is incorrect. It is an ID card. We should call it that.

The photo taken for the ID card is not an "ordinary" photo, either analogue or digital. It is not a "photographic image" as prescribed in the legislation. It is a facial recognition image taken on equipment specifically for that purpose and has been since day dot in 1999.

The intent of those driving the ID card was never road safety.

Concurrently with the introduction of these cards, the Government lowered the drinking age from 20 to 18. It is simply untenable to argue that the then National Government had road safety in mind when they introduced the ID card. If they had, they most certainly would not have lowered the drinking age at the same time.

One of the reasons for the ID card (there were many) was that it could be used as a "pass card" by teenagers to get into pubs. The ID card was therefore part and parcel of the lowering of the drinking age.

Drink Driving

The irony seemed to be lost on Parliament: only letting teenagers into a pub if they had a driver's licence. Heavens above, shouldn't it be the other way around? "Sure, welcome to my pub. Have a few beers. You have your licence on you? Great. Safe travels."

The legislators could not possibly claim to genuinely care about road safety while actively making it worse.

And they certainly succeeded in making it worse. It took around 10 years to bring New Zealand's road statistics back down to their usual abysmal standard.

Legislative intent

Much of the judgment against me spoke of the threshold required for Government to defend itself - and that threshold is still dangerously low. It said, in effect, that so long as the "intent" or aim of the legislation was primarily road safety then Government need not actually have achieved that aim. This would suffice as a defence for not allowing religious accommodation.

Changing one type of licence for another does absolutely nothing for road safety. There is statistically no rational connection. But lowering the drinking age does have an effect and most certainly it is not to improve road safety, ditto the ID card that facilitates drink driving.

To my mind it is unreasonable for the HRRT judgment to say that the Crown case passes the threshold for "intent" in a situation where the Government passes a bill to lower the drinking age with clearly very little consideration of the road safety consequences. It was simply not on the radar in the gilded halls of power.

The claim that the people who lowered the drinking age in 1999 were genuinely concerned with road safety does not pass any standard of honesty.

In my opinion the HRRT judgment on this issue should not stand.

Honesty in Parliament

History tells us that the underlying motive for the driver licence was to create a facial recognition database and a desire to use that database in the future, rather than simply a ploy to catch youngsters votes. It was designed to take advantage of function creep.

Such data acquisition of a very private nature would likely meet resistance and the ways, in hindsight, used to get around that were to appeal to young people, as a pass card to get into pubs, and to point blank deny it was facial recognition and then let desensitization run its course.

In other words, people would be told the photo was just a plain old photo and by the time the truth came out people would have become accustomed to using it. It would be normalised.

One of the first clues to the facial recognition aspect was in the Green Draft of the regulations. This draft was withheld from public view of course, only the Yellow Draft being open for public comment.

In theory the Yellow Draft on the driver licence format would be put out for public comment followed some time later, after consideration of public feedback, with an updated Green Draft.

But in this instance the Yellow and Green Drafts were written at the same time. The Yellow Draft said nothing at all about a driver's licence being an ID card whereas the Green Draft spelled this out in no uncertain terms.

A copy of the Green Draft was leaked to a Mrs Lois McInnes and is now in my possession. It is a sobering reminder of the lengths to which the totalitarian underbelly in New Zealand is prepared to go to turn this country into a "papers, please" state.

The Hansard records are replete with lies in support of this deception on the New Zealand public. Here are some from the then Minister of Transport, the Hon. Maurice Williamson:

"The format of the driver licence has been changed to include a photograph, and it will be a similar size to a credit card." Hansard, 5 Nov. 1998, p12940.

"I want to make it quite clear that I do not want this photo licence used for anything other than road safety. I do not want it to be a national ID card. I do not want this system to be used by other government agencies. I do not want people to be nervous that the system may be being accessed by anyone else, by uncle Tom Cobbleigh and all. I want this photo licence to be used purely for road safety outcomes." Hansard, 24 Nov. 1998, p13489.

"I want to tell people that the card is not intelligent. it is a dumb piece of plastic. All of the stuff I have heard on talkback about how people can be tracked when they are at a concert is nonsense. I heard on the Leighton Smith show the other day that the police will be able to film a gathering with a video camera and then run it against the database and say who was at the concert that night, based on someone's driver's licence. That is a whole pile of nonsense." Hansard, 24 Nov. 1998, p13496.

"I want to put some information on the record. The word 'digital' seems to trip up so many people. It seems to scare the living bejesus out of many people these days, because somehow it is supposed to be evil. I have heard people say that their blood type, their Inland Revenue Department number, where they went to school, and all of that, can be stored on these digital photographs. I want to tell members, so that they are very clear in their own minds, that digital technology is just the new technology. that is all it is....so there is nothing evil about digital technology. It only takes ordinary photographs (my emphasis)..." Hansard, 24 Nov. 1998, p13651.

Function creep

Of course those "ordinary photographs" are now to be used in "open banking." Like the driver's licence, the "opt out" is likely exclusion from an essential service.

Assurances that cash will always be available as an alternative are simply not believable. There are many businesses who already refuse cash. A sample of my recent experiences are an insurance company, a local recycling facility, a plumbing supplier, to mention a few. Clearly those giving assurances that the future of cash is guaranteed are out of touch with how the rest of us live.

In fact cash is not legal tender except for the payment of a debt. Parliament has declined to give cash full status as currency for the purchase of goods and services. Until Parliament changes its tune, cash is not an alternative.

As a note, the reader should also make themselves familiar with the National Ticketing Solution (NTS), its likely connection to open banking and the draconian powers involved.

Without penalty

There is one thing human rights protections must do. They must allow a person to opt out without penalty.

So far the Courts have failed to do this in New Zealand, with the predictable creep of the facial recognition database now extending into NZ currency. The current National Government, likewise, have done nothing to make good for the failings of their predecessors.


Stephen Butcher                                                                                  24 August 2024


                                                                                                      email: wairarapa.health@yahoo.com